Compare Brunei (2008) - Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003)

Compare Brunei (2008) z Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003)

	Brunei (2008)	Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003)

Administrative divisions	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 27.8% (male 53,512/female 50,529) 15-64 years: 69% (male 130,134/female 128,488) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 5,688/female 6,226) (2007 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, cattle, goats, eggs	-
Airports	2 (2007)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)	-
Area	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km	total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Delaware	slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in Asia.	These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.
Birth rate	18.56 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $3.765 billion expenditures: $4.815 billion (2004 est.)	-
Capital	name: Bandar Seri Begawan geographic coordinates: 4 53 N, 114 56 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	-
Climate	tropical; hot, humid, rainy	antarctic
Coastline	161 km	101.9 km
Constitution	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)	-
Country name	conventional long form: Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam local short form: Brunei	conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Death rate	3.26 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Debt - external	$0 (2005)	-
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment and Heritage
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Emil SKODON embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan, BS8811 mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507; P.O. Box 2991, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8675, Negara Brunei Darussalam telephone: [673] 222-0384 FAX: [673] 222-5293	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Brunei and Malaysia are still considering international adjudication over their disputed offshore and deepwater seabeds, where hydrocarbon exploration was terminated in 2003 international legal adjudication; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands in 1984, but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants	none
Economic aid - recipient	$770,000 (2004)	-
Economy - overview	Brunei has a small well-to-do economy that encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for just over half of GDP and more than 90% of exports. Per capita GDP is among the highest in Asia, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.	No indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing around the islands.
Electricity - consumption	2.625 billion kWh (2005 est.)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - production	2.735 billion kWh (2005)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m
Environment - current issues	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%	-
Exchange rates	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - NA (2007), 1.5886 (2006), 1.6644 (2005), 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967) cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary	-
Exports	205,600 bbl/day (2006)	-
Exports - commodities	crude oil, natural gas, refined products, clothing	-
Exports - partners	Japan 30.5%, Indonesia 19.9%, South Korea 14.9%, Australia 11.5%, US 7.7% (2006)	-
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	-
Flag description	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands	the flag of Australia is used
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 0.9% industry: 71.6% services: 27.5% (2005 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	0.4% (2005 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	4 30 N, 114 40 E	53 06 S, 72 31 E
Geography - note	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia	-
Heliports	3 (2007)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Illicit drugs	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty	-
Imports	660.1 bbl/day (2004)	-
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals	-
Imports - partners	Singapore 31.4%, Malaysia 18.9%, UK 8%, Japan 5.5%, China 5.4%, Thailand 4.5% (2006)	-
Independence	1 January 1984 (from UK)	-
Industrial production growth rate	1.8% (2005 est.)	-
Industries	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 13.12 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.72 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.1% (2005)	-
International organization participation	ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, C, EAS, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	-
Irrigated land	10 sq km (2003)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court - chief justice and judges are sworn in by monarch for three-year terms; Judicial Committee of Privy Council in London is final court of appeal for civil cases; Shariah courts deal with Islamic laws (2006)	-
Labor force	180,400 (2006 est.)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 2.9% industry: 61.1% services: 36% (2003 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 2.08% permanent crops: 0.87% other: 97.05% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Malay (official), English, Chinese	-
Legal system	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; Sultan dissolved council on 1 September 2005 and appointed a new council with 29 members as of 2 September 2005; council met in March 2006 and in March 2007 elections: last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 75.3 years male: 73.12 years female: 77.59 years (2007 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.7% male: 95.2% female: 90.2% (2001 census)	-
Location	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia	islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica
Map references	Southeast Asia	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 8 ships (1000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT by type: liquefied gas 8 foreign-owned: 8 (UK 8) (2007)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols
Military branches	Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF): Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei) (2008)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	4.5% (2006)	-
National holiday	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection	-
Nationality	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian	-
Natural hazards	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare	Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, timber	fish
Net migration rate	2.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Pipelines	gas 672 km; oil 463 km (2007)	-
Political parties and leaders	National Development Party or NDP [YASSIN Affendi] note: Brunei National Solidarity Party or PPKB [Abdul LATIF bin Chuchu] and People's Awareness Party or PAKAR [Awang Haji MAIDIN bin Haji Ahmad] were deregistered; parties are small and have limited activity	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	374,577 (July 2007 est.)	uninhabited (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	1.81% (2007 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	-	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2 (transmitting on 18 different frequencies), shortwave 0 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) station transmits two FM signals with English and Nepali service) (2006)	-
Religions	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, other (includes indigenous beliefs) 10%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.059 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.013 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.914 male(s)/female total population: 1.022 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age for village elections; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to Southeast Asia, Middle East, Western Europe, and the US domestic: every service available international: country code - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable network, scheduled for completion by late 2008, will provide new links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2007)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	80,200 (2006)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	254,000 (2006)	-
Television broadcast stations	4 (includes 2 UHF stations broadcasting a subscription service) (2006)	-
Terrain	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west	Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Total fertility rate	1.97 children born/woman (2007 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	4% (2006)	-
Waterways	209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2007)	none

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